Are electric lorries more economically attractive with the GHG incentive?
Those who emit a lot of CO₂ pay more. Those who emit little CO₂ receive more. That, in a nutshell, is how the greenhouse gas reduction scheme works. Hauliers can save money with the GHG incentive. Is that the only reason it’s worth switching to electric?
The switch to electric lorries is regarded as a key element in enhancing climate protection in freight transport. At the same time, the investment costs are high. The GHG quota can improve cost-effectiveness.
Legal basis and mechanism
The basis is Section 37a of the Federal Immission Control Act. Oil companies must reduce their emissions and may, to this end, purchase emission reductions from third parties – such as savings from battery-electric vehicles credited on a flat-rate basis. Every electric lorry registered in Germany can be registered via a quota trader. The premium is paid out annually.
Changes from 2027
From 2027, the energy credit factor for heavy commercial vehicles (M3, N3) will increase from 3 to 4. The statutory reduction obligation will rise from 12 to 17.5 per cent. Observers expect this to lead to rising demand for quotas.
Sample calculation
A haulage company with eight lorries, two of which are electric lorries (N3), can only count these two vehicles towards its target. Assuming a premium of 5,000 euros per vehicle per year, this would amount to 10,000 euros annually, or 50,000 euros over five years. Diesel lorries do not receive a premium and are subject to the CO₂ toll.
Economic effects and risks
Heavy-duty electric lorries achieve comparatively high eligible emission volumes due to their high mileage. In strong market phases, the revenues are significantly higher than those from electric passenger cars. The income improves liquidity and the overall balance sheet.
However, quota prices fluctuate, in some cases considerably. Furthermore, alternative propulsion systems such as fuel-cell lorries do not benefit to the same extent from multiplier effects. Companies must also pay tax on the incentive as operating income.
Conclusion
The GHG quota alone does not determine economic viability. However, in combination with toll benefits and lower operating costs, it can be a relevant factor in the transition to electric lorries.
